Nana

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Nana tells the story of Nana Coupeau's rise from streetwalker to high-class cocotte during the last three years of the French Second Empire. Nana first appears in the end of L'Assommoir (1877), another of Zola's Rougon-Macquart series, in which she is portrayed as the daughter of an abusive drunk; in the end, she is living in the streets and just beginning a life of prostitution.
The new novel opens with a night at the Théâtre des Variétés. The Exposition Universelle (1867) has just opened its doors. Nana is 15 years old (the number 18 mentioned in the book is not more than a fig leaf). Zola had taken care to make this clear to his readers by publishing an elaborate family tree of the Rougon-Macquarts in the newspaper Le Bien Public in 1878 when he started writing Nana. Zola describes in detail the performance of La blonde Vénus, a fictional operetta modelled after Offenbach's La belle Hélène, in which Nana is cast as the lead. She has never been seen on a stage, but tout Paris is talking about her. When asked to say something about her talents, Bordenave, the manager of the theatre (he calls it the brothel), explains that a star doesn't have to know how to sing or act: Nana has something else, dammit, and something that takes the place of everything else. I scented it out, and it smells damnably strong in her, or else I lost my sense of smell. Just as the crowd is about to dismiss her performance as terrible, young Georges Hugon shouts: "Très chic!" From then on, she owns the audience, and, when she appears only thinly veiled in the third act, Zola writes: All of a sudden, in the good-natured child the woman stood revealed, a disturbing woman with all the impulsive madness of her sex, opening the gates of the unknown world of desire. Nana was still smiling, but with the deadly smile of a man-eater.
The novel then goes on to show how Nana destroys every man who pursues her: Philippe Hugon, Georges' brother, imprisoned after stealing from the army, his employer, for Nana; Steiner, a wealthy banker who is ruined after hemorrhaging cash for Nana's decadence; Georges Hugon, who was so captivated with her from the beginning that, when he realized he could not have her, stabs himself with scissors in anguish; Vandeuvres, a wealthy owner of horses who burns himself in his barn after Nana ruins him financially; Fauchery, a journalist and publisher who falls for Nana early on, writes a scathing article about her later, and falls for her again and is ruined financially; and Muffat, whose faithfulness to Nana brings him back for humiliation after humiliation until he finds her in bed with his elderly father-in-law. Becker explains: "What emerges from [Nana] is the completeness of Nana's destructive force, brought to a culmination in the thirteenth chapter by a kind of roll call of the victims of her voracity" (118).
When Nana's work is done, Zola has her die a horrible death from smallpox: What lay on the pillow was a charnel house, a heap of pus and blood, a shovelful of putrid flesh. The pustules had invaded the whole face, so that one pock touched the next. While outside her window the crowd is madly chanting To Berlin! To Berlin! (the time is July 1870, after the Ems Dispatch), Venus is decomposing. And this is, Zola implies, what is about to happen to the Second Empire.

娜娜（Nana），是法国写实主义作家左拉的《卢贡-马卡尔家族》系列作品的第九部。1877年《卢贡—马加尔家族》的第七部小说《小酒店》（L'Assommoir）问世，轰动全巴黎，使左拉一举成名，这时他已经开始在构思娜娜的角色。1878年左拉完成《卢贡·马加尔家族》的第八部小说《爱情的一页》（Une Page d'amour），但事后证明销路不佳。于是左拉写信给出版商说：“这一损失，我们要从《娜娜》拿回来，我的想像中了不起的作品《娜娜》。”
娜娜·古波是第七部作品《小酒店》白铁匠古波的女儿，生于1852年，原本是花店的学徒，喜欢酗酒的父亲对她施展暴力，她受不了只好跟一名商人私奔，后来成为歌剧院的一名演员，演出下流的喜剧《金发维纳斯》，她毫无艺术才能，演技低俗，老板博尔德纳夫让她裸体上场，迷惑当时法国上流社会的男性贵族，银行家斯泰内为之倾倒，为她买下的一座郊外别墅“藏娇楼”。供养她的男人，一旦耗尽家产，就被她拒之门外；娜娜有时又是一名轻浮的妓女，用肉体迷惑俄国王子、军官、新闻记者、侯爵、伯爵，甚至是黑人，这些有钱人甘心为她挥霍大量金钱。但另一方面娜娜富有同情心，她把仅有的钱捐给穷人；她向往小家庭生活，与丑角演员丰唐婚后，断绝了与原先所有情人的关系，努力当个好妻子，像家庭主妇一样到市场买菜。她也是一名慈母，去姑妈家里看望儿子小路易，却感染天花，病死在一家旅馆，这时正是第二帝国即将在普法战争中崩溃。娜娜始终未能摆脱纸醉金迷的生活，从小家境贫穷、父亲酗酒、出外卖淫，一连串的堕落史，造成了娜娜本身的悲剧。作者以娜娜一生的兴衰，反映了第二帝国腐化堕落的社会的写照，恶势力太强，使得娜娜无法摆脱这样的环境，她的灵魂被腐蚀，始终未能断绝娼妓的生活。
这篇故事于1879年10月15日开始在《伏尔泰报》上连载，1880年2月5日载完，同年小说出版，空前畅销，前后再版10次，第一天出货超过5万5千册。
1、晚上九点钟
2、第二天早上十点钟
3、人们习惯于
4、从早上起
5、游艺剧院里
6、昨天晚上
7、三个月后
8、在蒙马特区韦龙街
9、游艺剧院里
10、娜娜变成了一个时髦女子
11、六月份的一个星期日
12、快到深夜一点钟
13、临近九月底
14、娜娜突然失踪
1、At nine o'clock
2、At ten o'clock
3、The countess Sabine
4、Since morning
5、At the Varietes
6、Count Muffat
7、Three months afterward
8、We are in a little set
9、The Petite Duchesse
10、Thereupon Nana became a smart woman
11、One Sunday
12、Toward one in the morning
13、Toward the end of September
14、Nana suddenly disappeared